Solar reflection and effect of roof surfaces material characteristics in heat island mitigation: toward green building and urban sustainability in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Several materials have the ability to absorb, accumulate and transmit solar radiation their surrounding environment. The thermal island effect micro-climate of urban areas are subject notable influence from composition within city’s crust. present investigation was carried out with aim assessing impact roofing pavement materials’ properties on reflection potential mitigate heat islands (UHIs). A study an experimental nature a total 20 conventional that commonly used in construction roofs, sidewalks, streets rooftops Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. objective research investigate different surface rise ambient air temperature vicinity. aimed assess performance specimens, purpose ascertaining thermophysical radiative characteristics substances. findings experiments indicate Solar Reflectance environment primarily influenced by color substance materials. Conversely, texture’s condition has comparatively minor effect. Both effective factors play equally significant role overall mechanism increasing temperature. results suggest proportion samples exhibit maximum exceeding 59.4°C, while concurrently displaying Index albedo <49%. Meanwhile, implementation green roofs composed various types vegetation, including grass, can effectively alleviate UHI phenomenon.